Amphibians

Amphibians are the smallest group among vertebrates, with only 3,000 the number of species. Such as fish and reptiles, amphibians are cold-blooded. This means that amphibians can not regulate its own body temperature. To that end, amphibians need the sun to warm the body. Initially started amphibians living in the waters and make use of gill breathing. Along with the growth of lung and legs develop and amphibians can walk on land.

Amphibians are found worldwide except at the poles. They occupy a number of different habitats such as rain forests, ponds, and lakes. They also exist in the grassy area on the slopes of high mountains, even in the desert.

Although adult amphibians can survive for long periods of drought, its general they require moist places such as rivers and ponds. Region of humid tropical rain forests, many frogs can survive without a permanent water source. As cold-blooded animals, amphibians are not active in cold conditions. In this condition they do hibernate, usually in the mud at the bottom of the pool.

The crowd trouble distinguishing frogs and toads. In general, smooth-skinned frogs and more are in the water. Frogs and toads prey on insects and other small animals. They stay quiet place to wait for passing prey. Some species use a long, adhesive tongue to capture prey.

Amphibian breeding season often lasts a mess. Amphibians males and females gather together in large numbers. After an egg, usually no longer care for the eggs of amphibians. Only a few species of amphibians that protect the eggs. 

Largest amphibious salamander-like giant Chinese and cane toads are not a lot of enemies. Generally, a small amphibian species rely on camouflage or escape predators when threatened. There are also amphibians that rely on flashy skin to frighten the enemy.

There are types of amphibians that have poison. Poisonous frogs from South America has a striking color as a sign of danger predators. Very strong poison frogs 'poison' gold owned dart frogs from Colombia for example, can be killed around 1,000 people at once

Arthropods

Arthropods (in Latin, Arthra = vertebra, books, segment; podos = foot) is characteristic of animals that have segmented legs and segmented. Segments are also found on his body. Arthropod body is bilateral and relatively tripoblastik selomata.

Characteristic body
Arthropod body traits include size, shape, structure, and function of the body.

The size and shape of the body
Arthropod body size is very diverse, some of which have a length of more than 60 cm. , But most are small. Similarly, the form of arthropods were varied.

Body structure
Arthropods segmented body with varying number of segments. At each body segment was there a pair of segmented legs. Segments combine to form part of the body, which is Kaput (head), thorax (chest) and abdominal (stomach). Another feature of arthropods is the presence of hard cuticle that forms the framework of the outside (exoskeleton). Exoskeleton made of chitin in excretion by skin cells. Exoskeletons attached to the skin to form a strong body protection. Exoskeleton consists of plates which are connected by flexible ligaments and soft. Exoskeleton can not grow following the growth of the body. Therefore, the growth stage is always followed by an exfoliation Arthropods old exoskeleton and forming a new exoskeleton. Release phase is called molting exoskeleton or ekdisis. Animals that normally do ekdisis eg crab, shrimp, and spiders. Arthropods nervous system in the form of a rope ladder nervous system amounted to a pair that is along the ventral side of his body. At various places on the body segments, there is enlargement of nerves called ganglia rope ladder. Ganglia serves as a central reflex and control of various activities. Ganglia of the anterior part of a larger function as the brain. Arthropods digestive system consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestine, and anus. Equipped mouth with a diverse range of additional tools, such as the mandible and maxilla in grasshoppers. Arthropods breathe with gills, trachea, or lungs books. Metabolic waste liquid form issued by the organs of excretion-called channel / Malpighi tubules, gland excretion, or both. Arthropods are open circulatory system. Circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels shorter, and the space around the organs called the sinus or hemosol. Arthropods also called hemolimfa blood.

Way of life and habitat
Arthropods are very diverse ways of life, there are free-living, parasitic, commensal, or symbiotic. Our environment, often encountered this group of animals, such as mosquitoes, flies, ants, butterflies, dragonflies, grasshoppers, and bees. Habitat is very wide spread of Arthropods. There are at sea, freshwater, deserts, and grasslands.

Reproduction
Arthropods reproductive system generally occurs sexually. But there is also an asexually, by parthenogenesis. Parthenogenesis is the formation of a new individual without fertilization (conception). The resulting individual is sterile. Male and female reproductive organs on separate arthropods, each of which produces gametes in individuals who are different that are dioseus (married two). The results of egg fertilization.